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1.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 41(9): 545-548, Nov. 2023. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-227270

RESUMO

Background: Psittacosis is a relatively uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia, often leading to diagnostic difficulty.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical features of psittacosis patients in China. Forty-six cases of Chlamydophila psittaci infection with atypical pneumonia of varying severity in the last two years were described retrospectively.Results: Fever, relative bradycardia, and other systemic upsets were the main clinical presentation. The most common radiographic abnormality was segmental or lobar shadowing or consolidation. The total white cell counts were usually normal or slightly increased. The concentration of creatine kinase, C reactive protein, and lactic dehydrogenase increased, while albumin decreased remarkably. These cases exhibited good recovery after being treated with tetracycline or quinolone antibiotics.Conclusion: These features may help differentiate psittacosis from other traditional bacterial pneumonia. However, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis. Psittacosis diagnosis must perform the whole-genome sequencing for Chlamydophila psittaci in respiratory, blood, or sputum specimens. Increased awareness of psittacosis can shorten diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.(AU)


Antecedentes: La psitacosis es una causa relativamente poco común de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad, y a menudo conduce a dificultades diagnósticas.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo sobre las características clínicas de los pacientes con psitacosis en China, en el que se describen retrospectivamente 46 casos de infección por Chlamydia psittaci con neumonía atípica de gravedad variable en los últimos dos años.Resultados: La fiebre, la bradicardia relativa y otros trastornos sistémicos fueron la presentación clínica principal. La anomalía radiográfica más común fue el sombreado o consolidación segmentaria o lobular. Los recuentos totales de glóbulos blancos fueron generalmente normales o ligeramente aumentados. Las concentraciones de creatina quinasa, proteína C reactiva y deshidrogenasa láctica aumentaron, mientras que la albúmina disminuyó notablemente. Estos casos mostraron una buena recuperación después de ser tratados con antibióticos de tetraciclina o quinolona.Conclusión: Estas características pueden ayudar a diferenciar la psitacosis de otras neumonías bacterianas tradicionales. Sin embargo, no proporcionan un diagnóstico definitivo. El diagnóstico de psitacosis debe realizar la secuenciación del genoma completo de Chlamydia psittaci en muestras respiratorias, sanguíneas o de esputo. Una mayor conciencia de la psitacosis puede acortar los retrasos en el diagnóstico y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Psitacose/microbiologia , Pneumonia Associada a Assistência à Saúde , Chlamydophila psittaci , Bradicardia , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis , Psitacose/diagnóstico , China
2.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1447179

RESUMO

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una infección respiratoria en la cual es frecuente observar la indicación de fisioterapia respiratoria (FR). Sin embargo, en la actualidad las recomendaciones respecto a su uso en NAC son controvertidas, no existiendo evidencia que respalde su uso y permita conocer su real alcance. Objetivos: Revisar la evidencia respecto al impacto de la FR en pacientes adultos que cursan internación por NAC. Resultados: 5 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión de esta revisión. Las maniobras de FR incluyeron ejercicios respiratorios, drenaje postural, percusión, vibración, espirometría incentivada, resistencia espiratoria, asistencia torácica durante movimientos respiratorios, tos dirigida y presión positiva intermitente. En los estudios incluidos la FR no disminuyó la mortalidad ni mejoró los valores espirométricos en los pacientes con NAC, así como tampoco los días hasta la curación ni la estadía hospitalaria. Respecto a los costos, el uso de FR en pacientes con NAC presentó un incremento significativo de los mismos. Conclusión: No hay evidencia que respalde el uso de manera rutinaria de FR en los pacientes adultos con NAC. Consideramos que se requieren de futuras investigaciones que permitan conocer el impacto de la FR en pacientes adultos con NAC, así como establecer consensos respecto a su indicación, selección de maniobras, estandarización de técnicas, tiempos y dosificación.


Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a respiratory infection in which the indication for respiratory physiotherapy (RF) is frequently observed. However, currently the recommendations regarding its use in CAP are controversial, and there is no evidence to support its use and allow us to know its real scope. Objectives: To review the evidence regarding the impact of RF in adult patients who are hospitalized for CAP. Results: 5 studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. RF maneuvers included breathing exercises, postural drainage, percussion, vibration, incentive spirometry, expiratory resistance, chest support during respiratory movements, directed cough, and intermittent positive pressure. In the included studies, RF did not reduce mortality or improve spirometric values in patients with CAP, nor did it improve days to cure or hospital stay. Regarding costs, the use of RF in patients with CAP presented a significant increase in costs. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support the routine use of RF in adult patients with CAP. We believe that future research is required to determine the impact of RF in adult patients with CAP, as well as to establish consensus regarding its indication, selection of maneuvers, standardization of techniques, times, and dosage.

3.
An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción) ; 56(2): 109-116, 20230801.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1451545

RESUMO

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una infección respiratoria en la cual es frecuente observar la indicación de fisioterapia respiratoria (FR). Sin embargo, en la actualidad las recomendaciones respecto a su uso en NAC son controvertidas, no existiendo evidencia que respalde su uso y permita conocer su real alcance. Objetivos: Revisar la evidencia respecto al impacto de la FR en pacientes adultos que cursan internación por NAC. Resultados: 5 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión de esta revisión. Las maniobras de FR incluyeron ejercicios respiratorios, drenaje postural, percusión, vibración, espirometría incentivada, resistencia espiratoria, asistencia torácica durante movimientos respiratorios, tos dirigida y presión positiva intermitente. En los estudios incluidos la FR no disminuyó la mortalidad ni mejoró los valores espirométricos en los pacientes con NAC, así como tampoco los días hasta la curación ni la estadía hospitalaria. Respecto a los costos, el uso de FR en pacientes con NAC presentó un incremento significativo de los mismos. Conclusión: No hay evidencia que respalde el uso de manera rutinaria de FR en los pacientes adultos con NAC. Consideramos que se requieren de futuras investigaciones que permitan conocer el impacto de la FR en pacientes adultos con NAC, así como establecer consensos respecto a su indicación, selección de maniobras, estandarización de técnicas, tiempos y dosificación.


Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a respiratory infection in which the indication for respiratory physiotherapy (RF) is frequently observed. However, currently the recommendations regarding its use in CAP are controversial, and there is no evidence to support its use and allow us to know its real scope. Objectives: To review the evidence regarding the impact of RF in adult patients who are hospitalized for CAP. Results: 5 studies met the inclusion criteria of this review. RF maneuvers included breathing exercises, postural drainage, percussion, vibration, incentive spirometry, expiratory resistance, chest support during respiratory movements, directed cough, and intermittent positive pressure. In the included studies, RF did not reduce mortality or improve spirometric values in patients with CAP, nor did it improve days to cure or hospital stay. Regarding costs, the use of RF in patients with CAP presented a significant increase in costs. Conclusion: There is no evidence to support the routine use of RF in adult patients with CAP. We believe that future research is required to determine the impact of RF in adult patients with CAP, as well as to establish consensus regarding its indication, selection of maneuvers, standardization of techniques, times, and dosage.


Assuntos
Modalidades de Fisioterapia
4.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 41(9): 545-548, 2023 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36707280

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Psittacosis is a relatively uncommon cause of community-acquired pneumonia, often leading to diagnostic difficulty. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical features of psittacosis patients in China. Forty-six cases of Chlamydophila psittaci infection with atypical pneumonia of varying severity in the last two years were described retrospectively. RESULTS: Fever, relative bradycardia, and other systemic upsets were the main clinical presentation. The most common radiographic abnormality was segmental or lobar shadowing or consolidation. The total white cell counts were usually normal or slightly increased. The concentration of creatine kinase, C reactive protein, and lactic dehydrogenase increased, while albumin decreased remarkably. These cases exhibited good recovery after being treated with tetracycline or quinolone antibiotics. CONCLUSION: These features may help differentiate psittacosis from other traditional bacterial pneumonia. However, they do not provide a definitive diagnosis. Psittacosis diagnosis must perform the whole-genome sequencing for Chlamydophila psittaci in respiratory, blood, or sputum specimens. Increased awareness of psittacosis can shorten diagnostic delays and improve patient outcomes.


Assuntos
Chlamydophila psittaci , Pneumonia Bacteriana , Psitacose , Humanos , Psitacose/diagnóstico , Psitacose/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , População do Leste Asiático , Pneumonia Bacteriana/microbiologia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico
5.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 952023. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1515283

RESUMO

Introducción: Los neumatoceles y las bulas pulmonares son lesiones que se observan en los niños casi siempre asociadas a neumonías infecciosas, aunque sus causas pueden ser diversas. La importancia clínica de estos procesos radica en el peligro de crecimiento progresivo, que puede comprometer las funciones respiratoria y cardiovascular. Objetivo: Describir las experiencias derivadas del proceso de diagnóstico por imágenes y del tratamiento invasivo de casos atendidos. Presentación de los casos: Desde finales de 2021 y durante un período de un año, se atendieron, en la unidad de cuidados intensivos pediátricos del Hospital Pediátrico Universitario de Cienfuegos, cinco niños con neumonías extensas, que desarrollaron bulas de gran tamaño varios días después del tratamiento antimicrobiano adecuado. Estas necesitaron drenaje y aspiración percutáneos debido a su magnitud y a la presencia de síntomas cardiovasculares. Conclusiones: Las bulas que aparecieron como complicación de la neumonía en el niño pueden presentarse con una frecuencia no despreciable, y hay que mantenerse atentos a su evolución, porque, a diferencia de los neumatoceles, pueden crecer progresivamente y comprometer las funciones respiratoria y cardiovascular. El drenaje percutáneo y aspiración continua por cinco días resultó un método seguro y eficaz para tratar estos procesos(AU)


Introduction: Pneumoatoceles and pulmonary bullae are lesions that are observed in children almost always associated with infectious pneumonia, although their causes may be diverse. The clinical importance of these processes lies in the danger of progressive growth, which can compromise respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Objective: To describe the experiences derived from the imaging process and the invasive treatment of treated cases. Presentation of the cases: Since the end of 2021 and for a period of one year, five children with extensive pneumonia were treated in the pediatric intensive care unit of the University Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos, who developed large bullae several days after appropriate antimicrobial treatment. The bullae required percutaneous drainage and aspiration due to their magnitude and the presence of cardiovascular symptoms. Conclusions: The bulla that appeared as a complication of pneumonia in the child can occur with a not negligible frequency, and it is necessary to be attentive to their evolution, because, unlike pneumoatoceles, can grow progressively and compromise respiratory and cardiovascular functions. Percutaneous drainage and continuous aspiration for five days was a safe and effective method to treat these processes(AU)


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Derrame Pleural/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/diagnóstico por imagem , Astenia/etiologia , Taquicardia/complicações , Características de Residência , Vesícula/etiologia , Dor nas Costas , Tosse , Toracentese/métodos , COVID-19 , Tórax/diagnóstico por imagem , Ceftriaxona/uso terapêutico , Vancomicina/uso terapêutico , Drenagem/instrumentação , Levofloxacino/uso terapêutico , Anemia
6.
Rev. esp. patol. torac ; 35(2): 130-136, 2023. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-223075

RESUMO

Fundamento: la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad constituye un importante problema de salud dada su elevada incidencia y relación con la mortalidad. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de factores seleccionados con la letalidad en pacientes hospitalizados por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Método: estudio descriptivo que incluyó 1.809 pacientes con neumonía hospitalizados entre los años 2012 y 2020. Fueron evaluados factores relacionados con el paciente, con la enfermedad y con la intervención terapéutica, como variables independientes; como variable dependiente fue considerado el estado al alta. En el análisis estadístico, que incluyó análisis bivariado y multivariado (regresión logística), se utilizó el odds ratio y su intervalo de confianza de 95%. Resultados: Se demostró asociación significativa entre varias condiciones evaluadas y la letalidad por neumonía; los factores que mostraron mayor fuerza de asociación fueron la edad de 60 años o más (OR 4,8[2,9;7,9]), el estado de gravedad al ingreso (OR 2,7[2;3,5]), el encamamiento durante la hospitalización (OR 2,5[1,9;3,3]), el encamamiento previo al ingreso (OR 2[1,5;2,7]), el no tratamiento adecuado de las comorbilidades (OR 1,8[1,07;3,3]) y la extensión radiológica del proceso neumónico más allá de un lóbulo (OR 1,7[1,3;2,2]). Conclusiones: Se reafirma el relevante papel que desempeñan una serie de factores relacionados con condicionantes del paciente, con la propia enfermedad y con la intervención médica, en las probabilidades de morir por esta afección. (AU)


Background: community-acquired pneumonia is an important health problem given its high incidence and relationship with mortality. Objective: to evaluate the association of selected factors with lethality in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia. Method: descriptive study that included 1,809 patients with pneumonia hospitalized between 2012 and 2020. Factors related to the patient, the disease, and the therapeutic intervention were evaluated as independent variables; The state at discharge was considered as the dependent variable. In the statistical analysis, which included bivariate and multivariate analysis (logistic regression), the odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were used. Results: a significant association was demonstrated between several conditions evaluated and the lethality due to pneumonia; the factors that showed the greatest strength of association were age 60 years or older (OR 4.8[2.9;7.9]), severity status at admission (OR 2.7[2;3.5] ), bedridden during hospitalization (OR 2.5[1.9;3.3]), bedridden prior to admission (OR 2[1.5;2.7]), failure to adequately treat comorbidities ( OR 1.8[1.07;3.3]) and radiological extension of the pneumonic process beyond one lobe (OR 1.7[1.3;2.2]). Conclusions: the relevant role played by a series of factors related to the patient's conditions, to the disease itself and to medical intervention, in the chances of dying from this condition is reaffirmed. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia/mortalidade , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Hospitalização
7.
Cir Cir ; 90(5): 632-637, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36327468

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to investigate the role of sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) in severe community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in child patients. METHODS: This prospective observational research enrolled a total of 75 severe child CAP patients who went to our hospital during April 2016 to December 2020, and 75 mild/moderate CAP child patients were included as control. SIRT6 and inflammatory factors C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and procalcitonin (PCT) were tested by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Demographic data including age, sex, as well as clinical symptoms, duration of ICU stay, duration of mechanical ventilation were collected. The routine blood test was conducted for all patients and WBC amount and neutrophil ratio were recorded. The pediatric critical illness score (PCIS) and 1-month mortality were collected. RESULTS: Levels of SIRT6 were remarkably lower in severe CAP patients or deceased patients compared with mild/moderate or survival patients, respectively. Levels of CRP, PCT, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were markedly higher in severe patients than mild/moderate patients. However, only levels of CRP were significantly higher in deceased CAP patients and serum levels of SIRT6 were negatively correlated with serum levels of CRP, PCT, and IL-6. The higher levels of CRP, PCT and IL-6, as well as higher mortality rate and lower levels of PCIS were found in patients with lower SIRT6 compared with parents with higher SIRT6. SIRT6 had the potential for diagnosis of severe CAP and patients with lower SIRT1 showed shorter 1-month survival. Further, logistic regression showed that only age and CRP were independent risk factors for 1-month mortality of CAP child parents. CONCLUSION: Down-regulated SIRT6 in severe CAP child patients predicted higher expression of inflammatory factors, severer clinical outcomes and poor prognosis.


OBJETIVO: Investigar el papel de sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) grave en pacientes infantiles. MÉTODOS: Esta investigación observacional prospectiva inscribió a un total de 459 pacientes con NAC infantil grave que acudieron a nuestro hospital entre abril de 2016 y diciembre de 2020, y se incluyeron como control 459 pacientes con NAC infantil leve/moderada. RESULTADOS: Los niveles de SIRT6 fueron notablemente más bajos en pacientes con NAC grave o pacientes fallecidos en comparación con los pacientes leves/moderados o con supervivencia, respectivamente. Todos los niveles de PCR, PCT e Interleukin-6 (IL-6) fueron significativamente más altos en pacientes con CAP fallecidos y los niveles séricos de SIRT6 se correlacionaron negativamente con los niveles séricos de CRP, PCT e IL-6. Los niveles más altos de PRISM, CRP, PCT e IL-6, así como una mayor tasa de mortalidad y niveles más bajos de PCIS se encontraron en pacientes con menor SIRT6 en comparación con los padres con mayor SIRT6. SIRT6 tenía potencial para el diagnóstico de NAC grave. CONCLUSIÓN: La SIRT6 regulada a la baja en pacientes infantiles con NAC grave predijo una mayor expresión de factores inflamatorios, resultados clínicos más graves y mal pronóstico.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Sirtuínas , Humanos , Criança , Interleucina-6 , Pró-Calcitonina , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Biomarcadores , Prognóstico
8.
Reumatol. clín. (Barc.) ; 18(9): 546-550, Nov. 2022. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-210262

RESUMO

Introducción: La ecografía pulmonar es una técnica accesible, de bajo costo y que ha demostrado su utilidad en la estratificación pronóstica en pacientes con COVID-19. Además, según estudios previos, nos puede orientar hacia la potencial etiología, especialmente en situaciones epidémicas como la actual. Pacientes y métodos: Se reclutaron prospectivamente 40 pacientes, 30 con neumonía por SARS-CoV-2 y 10 por neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. A los pacientes incluidos, se les realizó tanto una radiografía como ecografía de tórax. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en los 2 grupos en cuanto a las características clínicas y analíticas. Los principales hallazgos ecográficos fueron en el grupo de SARS-CoV-2 la presencia de líneas B confluyentes y consolidaciones subpleurales y la hepatinización en el grupo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. El derrame pleural fue más frecuente en el grupo de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. En ningún caso la ecografía pulmonar fue normal. El análisis de las curvas ROC mostró un área bajo la curva para la ecografía pulmonar del 89,2% (IC 95%: 75,0- 100%, p <0,001) en la identificación de la neumonía por SARS-CoV-2. El valor de corte para la puntuación del puntaje pulmonar de 10 tuvo una sensibilidad del 93,3% y especificidad del 80,0% (p <0,001). Discusión: La combinación de los hallazgos de la ecografía pulmonar, con un puntaje pulmonar mayor de 10, complementando el resto de las pruebas complementarias, puede ser una excelente herramienta para predecir la etiología de la neumonía.(AU)


Introduction: Lung ultrasound is an accessible, low-cost technique that has demonstrated its usefulness in the prognostic stratification of COVID-19 patients. In addition, according to previous studies, it can guide us towards the potential aetiology, especially in epidemic situations such as the current one. Patients and methods: 40 patients were prospectively recruited, 30 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and 10 with community-acquired pneumonia. The patients included underwent both a chest X-ray and ultrasound. Results: There were no differences in the 2 groups in terms of clinical and laboratory characteristics. The main ultrasound findings in the SARS-CoV-2 group were the presence of confluent B lines and subpleural consolidations and hepatinization in the community-acquired pneumonia group. Pleural effusion was more frequent in the community-acquired pneumonia group. There were no normal lung ultrasound exams. Analysis of the area under the curve curves showed an area under the curve for lung ultrasound of 89.2% (95% CI: 75.0-100%, p <.001) in the identification of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The cut-off value for the lung score of 10 had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 80.0% (p <.001). Discussion: The combination of the findings of the lung ultrasound, with a lung score greater than 10, added to the rest of the additional tests, can be an excellent tool to predict the aetiology of the pneumonia.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pneumonia Viral , Coronavírus Relacionado à Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Infecções por Coronavirus/complicações , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumonia Bacteriana , Ultrassonografia , Radiografia Torácica , Síndrome Respiratória Aguda Grave , Exame Físico , Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças Respiratórias , Reumatologia , Artrite Reumatoide , Estudos Prospectivos , Pacientes
9.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 40(8): 449-452, Oct. 2022. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-210276

RESUMO

Objetivo: Describir las características de pacientes diagnosticados de infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de las infecciones agudas por M. pneumoniae confirmadas por PCR en el Servicio Navarro de Salud entre 2014 y 2018. Resultados: Se confirmó M. pneumoniae en el 9,5% de los pacientes analizados. Entre 123 casos confirmados, el 65% tenían 5-14 años; el 21,1%, <5 años y el 13,8%, ≥14 años. En el 83,7% se confirmó neumonía y el 22,0% presentó manifestaciones extrarrespiratorias. El 44,7% de los pacientes requirieron ingreso hospitalario. La neumonía bilateral, las crisis asmáticas y los síntomas extrarrespiratorios se asociaron a mayor riesgo de hospitalización (81,3; 72,2 y 66,7%, respectivamente). El tratamiento dirigido fue solo con macrólidos en el 60,2% y combinado con otro antibiótico en el 13,0%. Conclusión: M. pneumoniae es causa de enfermedad respiratoria aguda principalmente en menores de 14 años y requiere, con frecuencia, hospitalización.(AU)


Objective: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Methods: A retrospective study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute infections by M. pneumoniae confirmed by PCR was carried out in the Navarra Health Service (Spain) in 2014-2018. Results: M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed in 9.5% of analyzed patients. Among 123 confirmed cases, 65% were 5-14 years old, 21.1% <5 years old, and 13.8% were ≥14 years old. Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed in 83.7% of cases, and 22.0% presented extra-respiratory manifestations. A total of 44.7% of cases required hospitalization. Bilateral pneumonia, asthmatic crisis and extra-respiratory manifestations were associated to higher risk of hospitalization (81.3, 72.2 and 66.7%, respectively). Microbiological targeted treatment was monotherapy with macrolides in 60.2% of cases and combined with other antibiotics in 13.0%. Conclusion: M. pneumoniae was the cause of acute respiratory infection affecting mainly to children younger than 14 years old and frequently required hospitalization.(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Pacientes , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Antibacterianos/administração & dosagem , Tratamento Farmacológico , Asma , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis
10.
Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 40(8): 449-452, 2022 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36154990

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of patients diagnosed with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. METHODS: A retrospective study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of acute infections by M. pneumoniae confirmed by PCR was carried out in the Navarra Health Service (Spain) in 2014-2018. RESULTS: M. pneumoniae infection was confirmed in 9.5% of analyzed patients. Among 123 confirmed cases, 65% were 5-14 years old, 21.1% <5 years old, and 13.8% were ≥14 years old. Pneumonia was radiologically confirmed in 83.7% of cases, and 22.0% presented extra-respiratory manifestations. A total of 44.7% of cases required hospitalization. Bilateral pneumonia, asthmatic crisis and extra-respiratory manifestations were associated to higher risk of hospitalization (81.3, 72.2 and 66.7%, respectively). Microbiological targeted treatment was monotherapy with macrolides in 60.2% of cases and combined with other antibiotics in 13.0%. CONCLUSION: M. pneumoniae was the cause of acute respiratory infection affecting mainly to children younger than 14 years old and frequently required hospitalization.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma , Adolescente , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Macrolídeos/uso terapêutico , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/complicações , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/tratamento farmacológico , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma/epidemiologia , Estudos Retrospectivos
11.
Rev. chil. enferm. respir ; 38(2): 96-105, jun. 2022. tab, ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1407775

RESUMO

Resumen En la práctica clínica, la radiografía de tórax permite confirmar el diagnóstico y la extensión de la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC). Objetivos: Examinar las características radiográficas de la NAC según el agente causal y el grado de concordancia interobservador (CI) en la descripción de los hallazgos radiográficos. Métodos: Se evaluaron las radiografías de tórax de 300 pacientes adultos inmunocompetentes hospitalizados por NAC, tres residentes de radiología consignaron el patrón de los infiltrados pulmonares, su localización anatómica y extensión, la presencia de derrame pleural y otros hallazgos radiográficos. Se realizaron cultivos de esputo, hemocultivos, pruebas serológicas y técnicas de biología molecular de hisopado nasofaríngeo para identificar los principales patógenos respiratorios. Resultados: Las manifestaciones clínicas y los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax fueron similares en las neumonías causadas por diferentes patógenos respiratorios: bacterias clásicas, virus respiratorios y microorganismos atípicos. En las neumonías bacterianas predominó el patrón de relleno alveolar de distribución lobar, en las neumonías vírales y atípicas predominó el patrón intersticial o mixto alvéolo-intersticial con opacidades en vidrio esmerilado. La CI fue satisfactoria (kappa > 0,6) para determinar el patrón principal de los infiltrados pulmonares, su localización anatómica y la presencia de derrame pleural, su localización y extensión. La CI fue moderada (kappa 0,4-0,6) para definir la extensión de la neumonía y detectar signos radiológicos asociados a congestión pulmonar. Conclusión: Los hallazgos de la radiografía de tórax no permitieron identificar con precisión el agente causal de la neumonía, siendo útil en la caracterización de los infiltrados pulmonares y para detectar complicaciones como el derrame paraneumónico.


In a clinical setting the chest radiograph is the reference standard in establishing the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Objectives: This study aimed to assess interobserver reliability (IR) of radiographic findings and the relationship to different respiratory pathogens in CAP. Methods: Chest radiographs of 300 immunocompetent adult patients hospitalized with pneumonia, obtained from a database, were reviewed by three residents of radiology without specific clinical information. Main pattern of pulmonary infiltrates, topographic localization, extent of pneumonia, presence of pleural fluid, thickened bronchial walls, lymphadenopathy and air bronchogram were scored. Sputum and blood cultures, serological tests and nasopharyngeal swab for respiratory virus detection by molecular diagnostic techniques were performed to identify the causative pathogen. Results: Clinical manifestations and chest X-ray findings were similar in pneumonias caused by different respiratory pathogens: classic bacteria, respiratory viruses and atypical microorganisms. The alveolar pattern of lobar distribution predominated in bacterial pneumonia; meanwhile, interstitial or mixed alveolar-interstitial pattern with ground glass opacities predominated in viral and atypical pneumonias. IR was fair to good (kappa > 0.6) for determining the main pattern of infiltrates, anatomical location and the presence of pleural effusion, their anatomical location and extension. IR was moderate (kappa 0.4-0.6) for determining the extent of pneumonia and signs of congestive heart failure. Conclusion: Simple features such as main pattern description, anatomical location, identifying the involved lobes and pleural fluid recognition showed fair to excellent interobserver reliability. Chest radiographs was of limited value in predicting the causative pathogen but were of beneficial use to characterize pulmonary infiltrates and to detect complications such as parapneumonic effusion.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Adulto Jovem , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/etiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/diagnóstico por imagem , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Vírus/isolamento & purificação , Radiografia Torácica , Variações Dependentes do Observador , Estudos Prospectivos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/microbiologia , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/virologia , Imunocompetência
12.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 18(9): 546-550, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35504823

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Lung Ultrasound is an accessible, low-cost technique that has demonstrated its usefulness in the prognostic stratification of COVID-19 patients. In addition, according to previous studies, it can guide us towards the potential aetiology, especially in epidemic situations such as the current one. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 40 patients were prospectively recruited, 30 with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and 10 with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The patients included underwent both a chest X-ray and ultrasound. RESULTS: There were no differences in the 2 groups in terms of clinical and laboratory characteristics. The main ultrasound findings in the SARS-CoV-2 group were the presence of confluent B lines and subpleural consolidations and hepatinization in the CAP group. Pleural effusion was more frequent in the CAP group. There were no normal lung ultrasound exams. Analysis of the area under the curve (AUC) curves showed an area under the curve for Lung Ultrasound of 89.2% (95% CI: 75%.0-100%, p < .001) in the identification of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The cut-off value for the lung score of 10 had a sensitivity of 93.3% and a specificity of 80.0% (p < .001). DISCUSSION: The combination of the findings of the Lung Ultrasound, with a Lung Score greater than 10, added to the rest of the additional tests, can be an excellent tool to predict the aetiology of the pneumonia.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Pneumonia Bacteriana , Humanos , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Pneumonia Bacteriana/diagnóstico por imagem
13.
Salud UNINORTE ; 38(1)ene.-abr. 2022.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1536792

RESUMO

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una patología inflamatoria que daña la vía respiratoria baja, generalmente de etiología infecciosa. Afecta el parénquima pulmonar, lo cual produce alteración en la hematosis alveolar y ocasiona hipoxemia progresiva. Objetivo: Determinar cómo los factores biológicos, socioambientales, clínico radiológicos y analíticos se asocian al desarrollo de NAC en menores de 5 años hospitalizados en un hospital público del Perú durante 2019. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, analítico, tipo casos y controles. El tamaño muestral se realizó mediante muestreo aleatorio simple, no pareado, y se obtuvieron 71 casos y 71 controles en el Servicio de Pediatría del Hospital San José durante 2019. Resultados: El sexo masculino predominó en los pacientes con NAC (54.9 %); pero no hubo asociación significativa entre este sexo y NAC (OR: 1.67 IC: 0.86-3.23, p: 0.13). Los resultados estadísticamente significativos asociados a NAC fueron lactancia materna no efectiva (OR: 6.85, IC 95 %: 3.18-14.75) y antecedente de enfermedades respiratorias (OR: 5.41, IC 95 %: 2.58-11.34). Conclusiones: Los factores biológicos, lactancia materna no efectiva y antecedente de enfermedades respiratorias se encuentran asociados a NAC en menores de 5 años.


Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is an inflammatory pathology that damages the lower respiratory tract, usually of infectious etiology. It affects the pulmonary parenchyma producing alteration in alveolar hematosis, causing progressive hypoxemia. Objective: To determine how biological, socio-environmental, clinical radiological and analytical factors are associated with the development of CAP in children under 5 years of age hospitalized in a Public Hospital in Peru during 2019. Materials and methods: Observational, retrospective, analytical, case-control study. The sample size was made by simple, untied random sampling, obtaining 71 cases and 71 controls in the Pediatrics Service of the San José Hospital during 2019. Results: The male sex predominated in patients with CAP (54.9%); but there was no significant association between this sex and NAC (OR: 1.67 CI: 0.86-3.23, p: 0.13). The statistically significant results associated with CAP were ineffective breastfeeding (OR: 6.85, 95 % CI: 3.18-14.75) and history of respiratory diseases (OR: 5.41, 95 % CI: 2.58-11.34). Conclusions: Biological factors, ineffective breastfeeding and history of respiratory diseases are associated with CAP in children under 5 years.

14.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1398061

RESUMO

Introducción: Neumonia adquirida en la comunidad produce productos inflamatorios que producen eventos cardiovasculares prevenibles. Objetivo: Establecer si la Neumonía Adquirida en la Comunidad (NAC) es un factor de riesgo asociado a enfermedad cardiovascular. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un diseño de cohortes con: pacientes hospitalizados por diagnóstico de NAC y un grupo control sin neumonía (1:2), que cumplían con los criterios de selección. Se calculó Chi cuadrado, Riesgo Relativo e intervalos de confianza para el análisis bivariado y análisis multivariado con varianza robusta crudos y ajustados. Resultados: Del total de la población de estudio, se analizaron 693 pacientes. El promedio de la edad fue 64,1 ± 13.7 (DE) años. La mayoría estaba conformada por sexo masculino (61.5%). Dentro de los factores cardiovasculares clásicos, el 96.8% consumía tabaco; el 73.9% era hipertenso; el 82.5% era diabético y el 96.5% era hipercolesterolemico. Se encontró que los varones tenían mayor frecuencia de síndrome coronario agudo que mujeres (22.3 % vs 4.5 %; p< 0.01), al igual que en Insuficiencia cardiaca (33.1 % vs 25.8 %; p < 0.01) y en arritmia mayor en mujeres (23.2 % vs 13.4 %; p< 0.01). En el analisis de regresión múltiple, se conservó la asociacion observada; ajustando con las covariables confusoras de consumo de tabaco, hipertensión arterial, diabetes mellitus e hipercolesterolemia, para síndrome coronario agudo: (RR= 3,98; IC95%: 2,98- 5,33), insuficiencia cardiaca: (RR= 9,65; IC95%: 8,45-11,0) y arritmias: (RR= 10,7;IC95%: 8,64-13,2). Conclusión: La NAC es un factor de riesgo asociado a enfermedad cardiovascular.


Background: Community-acquired pneumonia produces inflammatory products that produce preventable cardiovascular events.To Objective:establish if Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease. Acohort design was Materials and Methods:carried out with: patients hospitalized for a diagnosis of CAPand a control group without pneumonia (1:2), who met the selection criteria. Chi square, Relative Risk and confidence intervals were calculated for the crude and adjusted bivariate analysis and robust multivariate analysis. Of the total study Results:population, 693 patients were analyzed. The mean age was 64.1 ± 13.7 (SD) years. The most were male (61.5%). Among the classic cardiovascular factors, 96.8% used tobacco; 73.9% were hypertensive; 82.5% were diabetic and 96.5% were hypercholesterolemic. It was found that men had a higher frequency of acute coronary syndrome than women (22.3% vs. 4.5%; p<0.01), as well as in heart failure (33.1% vs. 25.8%; p<0.01) and in greater arrhythmia in women (23.2% vs 13.4%; p<0.01). In the multiple regression analysis, the observed association was preserved; adjusting with the confounding covariates of tobacco consumption, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia, for acute coronary syndrome: (RR= 3.98; 95% CI: 2.98-5.33), heart failure: (RR= 9, 65; 95% CI: 8.45-11.0) and arrhythmias: (RR= 10.7; 95% CI: 8.64-13.2). Conclusion: CAPis a risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease

15.
Bol. malariol. salud ambient ; 61(4): 650-686, dic. 2021. tab., ilus.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, LIVECS | ID: biblio-1396108

RESUMO

La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad es una enfermedad infecciosa común que causa una morbilidad y mortalidad sustanciales. Las personas mayores son las más frecuentemente afectadas, y se deben considerar varios aspectos relacionados con el cuidado de esta condición en los ancianos. El patógeno más común en esta patología sigue siendo Streptococcus pneumoniae, seguido de Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las características clínicas de adultos mayores con esta patología en el hospital "Alfredo Noboa Montenegro". Para las variables cualitativas fue empleada la frecuencia absoluta y el por ciento. Para la asociación entre variables cualitativas se utilizó la prueba Jicuadrado de independencia. En caso de las tablas de contingencia 2x2 cuando tuvo alguna celda con frecuencia esperada menor que 5 se utilizó el test exacto de Fisher. Más del 54% de los pacientes estudiados fue clasificado como grado II; de ellos el mayor porcentaje (66,7%) correspondió a los hombres. Le siguió en orden de frecuencia el grado III con 25% y alrededor del 83% fue del sexo femenino. No se obtuvo asociación estadística entre el sexo y el grado de los pacientes estudiados por lo que se pude afirmar que ambas variables fueron independientes. En la mayoría de casos los pacientes resultan infra diagnosticados desde los niveles primarios de atención al confundirlos con otro tipo de patologías, lo que provoca un retraso en la identificación y tratamiento del paciente que en el futuro influye en un pronóstico negativo de este(AU)


Community-acquired pneumonia is a common infectious disease that causes substantial morbidity and mortality. Elderly people are frequently affected, and several issues related to care of this condition in the elderly have to be considered. The most common pathogen in this pathology is still Streptococcus pneumoniae, followed by other pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumonia. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of older adults with this disease in hospital "Alfredo Noboa Montenegro". For the qualitative variables the absolute frequency and the percent were used. For the association between qualitative variables, the Chi-square independence test was used. In the case of the 2x2 contingency tables, when Fisher had an expected cell shorter than 5, Fisher's exact test was used. More than 54% of the patients studied were classified as grade II; of them, the highest percentage (66.7%) corresponded to men. Next in order of frequency was grade III with 25% and about 83% was female. There was no statistical association between sex and the degree of the patients studied, so we could say that both variables were independent. In the majority of cases, patients are diagnosed from the primary care levels when they are confused with other types of pathologies, which causes a delay in the identification and treatment of the patient that in the future influences a negative prognosis(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Pneumonia/epidemiologia , Pneumonia por Mycoplasma , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Streptococcus pneumoniae , Haemophilus influenzae , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pacientes , Peru/epidemiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis , Hospitais
16.
Semergen ; 47(6): 411-425, 2021 Sep.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34332864

RESUMO

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in adults. The aim of this study is to update the practical prevention guide for CAP through vaccination in Spain developed in 2016 and updated in 2018, based on available vaccines and evidence through bibliographic review and expert opinion. The arrival of COVID-19 as a new cause of CAP and the recent availability of safe and effective vaccines constitutes the most significant change. Vaccines against pneumococcus, influenza, pertussis and COVID-19 can help to reduce the burden of disease from CAP and its associated complications. The available evidence supports the priority indications established in this guide, and it would be advisable to try to achieve a widespread dissemination and implementation of these recommendations in routine clinical practice.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia Pneumocócica , Adulto , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Vacinas Pneumocócicas , Pneumonia Pneumocócica/prevenção & controle , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinação
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34088446

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is common disease that can be treated in Hospital At Home (HAH). In this paper we evaluate the room of improvement in the use of antibiotics in CAP in HH. METHODS: Patients with CAP were retrospectively recruited in two Spanish hospitals from 1/1/18 to 10/30/19. Demographic, clinical and quality of antibiotic prescription variables were recorded. Subsequently, we created a new variable that collected six quality of care indicator, categorizing and comparing patients into two groups: good quality of care (4 or more indicators performed) or poor quality of care (3 or less indicators performed). RESULTS: We recruited 260 patients. The request for diagnostic tests and the adequacy to Clinical Practice Guidelines were 85.4% and 85.8% respectively. Percentages of de-escalation (53.7%) and sequential therapy (57.7%) when indicated were low. The average length of treatment was 7.3 days for intravenous and 9.5 days for total. Quality of prescription was good in 134 (63.2%) patients, being more frequent in those who were admitted directly to HAD from the emergency room. It was also associated with less readmission at 30 days. CONCLUSION: There is a wide room for improvement in some fields of antimicrobials use in HAH that could stimulate the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.


Assuntos
Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas , Pneumonia , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Infecções Comunitárias Adquiridas/tratamento farmacológico , Hospitais , Humanos , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos
18.
Rev. cuba. pediatr ; 93(2): e1268, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1280363

RESUMO

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad continúa siendo un problema de salud global. Objetivo: Caracterizar desde la óptica clínico-epidemiológica la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad en la edad pediátrica. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal y prospectivo de pacientes entre 1 mes-18 años, no vacunados con antineumocócica, ingresados en el Hospital Pediátrico Centro Habana, enero 2018-julio 2019 con diagnóstico confirmado por radiología de neumonía adquirida en la comunidad. Los pacientes no presentaban enfermedades crónicas, exceptuando el asma. Los padres o tutores dieron su consentimiento. Se evaluaron variables demográficas y clínicas, factores de riesgo, evolución y complicaciones según grupo de edad. Resultados: Se estudiaron 277 enfermos, predominaron los niños entre 1 a 4 años de edad (39,4 por ciento), superioridad del sexo masculino (55,2 por ciento). Los síntomas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre (98,9 por ciento), disnea (99,3 por ciento), tos (98,9 por ciento) y disminución del murmullo vesicular (96,4 por ciento). Como factores de riesgo predominaron la asistencia a círculos infantiles (31,8 por ciento), lactancia materna inadecuada (23,8 por ciento) y el tabaquismo pasivo (16,6 por ciento). Hubo complicaciones en 110 niños (39,7 por ciento) con predominio de derrame pleural, sobre todo en prescolares y asociación significativa entre complicaciones y edad. No hubo fallecimientos. Conclusiones: Es importante la vigilancia de las neumonías y su desarrollo clínico epidemiológico, para la prevención y diagnóstico en esa etapa previa a la introducción de la vacuna antineumoccócica. En población no vacunada contra el neumococo, es estrategia significativa reducir los factores de riesgo modificables como la insuficiente lactancia materna, el tabaquismo pasivo y la malnutrición(AU)


Introduction: Community-acquired pneumonia continues to be a global health problem. Objective: Characterize from the clinical-epidemiological perspective community-acquired pneumonia in the pediatric ages. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional and prospective study of patients from 1 month to 18 years old not vaccinated with pneumococcal vaccine, admitted in Centro Habana Pediatric Hospital from January 2018 to July 2019 with diagnosis confirmed by radiology of pneumonia acquired in the community. Patients did not have chronic diseases, except for asthma. Parents or guardians consented. Demographic and clinical variables, risk factors, evolution and complications were assessed according to the age group. Results: 277 patients were studied, children from 1 to 4 years old predominated (39.4 percent); there was male superiority (55.2 percent). The most common symptoms were fever (98.9 percent), dyspnea (99.3 percent), cough (98.9 percent) and decreased vesicular murmur (96.4 percent). As risk factors, attendance to nurseries (31.8 percent), inadequate breastfeeding (23.8 percent) and passive smoking (16.6 percent) predominated. There were complications in 110 children (39.7 percent) with prevalence of pleural effusion, especially in pre-schoolers and significant association among complications and age. There were no deaths. Conclusions: Monitoring of pneumonia and its epidemiological clinical development is important for prevention and diagnosis at this stage prior to the introduction of the pneumococcal vaccine. In populations not vaccinated against pneumococcus, it is a significant strategy to reduce modifiable risk factors such as insufficient breastfeeding, passive smoking and malnutrition(AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Derrame Pleural , Asma , Poluição por Fumaça de Tabaco , Dispneia , Desnutrição
19.
Enferm. infecc. microbiol. clín. (Ed. impr.) ; 39(6): 271-275, Jun.-Jul. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | IBECS | ID: ibc-209558

RESUMO

Introducción: La neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) es una enfermedad frecuente que puede ser abordada en hospitalización a domicilio (HAD). En el presente trabajo evaluamos el margen de mejora con el uso de antibióticos en la NAC en HAD. Métodos: Se reclutaron retrospectivamente todos los pacientes con NAC en dos hospitales españoles desde el 01 de enero de 2018 al 30 de octubre de 2019. Se registraron variables demográficas, clínicas y sobre calidad de prescripción antibiótica. Posteriormente se construyó una variable que recogía seis indicadores de calidad asistencial, categorizando y comparando a los pacientes en dos grupos: buena calidad asistencial (cuatro o más indicadores realizados) o mala calidad asistencial (tres o menos indicadores realizados). Resultados: Obtuvimos una muestra de 260 pacientes. La solicitud de pruebas diagnósticas y la adecuación a las guías de práctica clínica fue del 85,4 y 85,8%, respectivamente. Los porcentajes de realización de desescalada (53,7%) y terapia secuencial (57,7%) cuando estaban indicadas fueron bajos. La duración media del tratamiento fue de 7,3 días para el intravenoso y 9,5 días para el total. La calidad de prescripción fue buena en 134 (63,2%) pacientes, siendo más frecuente en aquellos que ingresaron directamente en HAD desde urgencias. También se asoció a menor reingreso a 30 días. Conclusión: Existe un amplio margen de mejora en algunos aspectos con el uso de antimicrobianos en HAD, que podría motivar la implementación de programas de optimización del uso de antibióticos.(AU)


Introduction: Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is common disease that can be treated in Hospital At Home (HAH). In this paper we evaluate the room of improvement in the use of antibiotics in CAP in HH. Methods: Patients with CAP were retrospectively recruited in two Spanish hospitals from 1/1/18 to 10/30/19. Demographic, clinical and quality of antibiotic prescription variables were recorded. Subsequently, we created a new variable that collected six quality of care indicator, categorizing and comparing patients into two groups: good quality of care (4 or more indicators performed) or poor quality of care (3 or less indicators performed). Results: We recruited 260 patients. The request for diagnostic tests and the adequacy to Clinical Practice Guidelines were 85.4% and 85.8% respectively. Percentages of de-escalation (53.7%) and sequential therapy (57.7%) when indicated were low. The average length of treatment was 7.3 days for intravenous and 9.5 days for total. Quality of prescription was good in 134 (63.2%) patients, being more frequent in those who were admitted directly to HAD from the emergency room. It was also associated with less readmission at 30 days. Conclusion: There is a wide room for improvement in some fields of antimicrobials use in HAH that could stimulate the implementation of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs. (AU)


Assuntos
Humanos , Hospitais , Pneumonia , Visita Domiciliar , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Anti-Infecciosos , Antibacterianos , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Espanha , Análise Multivariada , Microbiologia , Doenças Transmissíveis
20.
Rev. inf. cient ; 100(1): 1-11, ene.-feb. 2021. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156706

RESUMO

RESUMEN Introducción: En el Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Pedro Agustín Pérez" de Guantánamo no se ha caracterizado la neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad. Objetivo: Identificar el perfil de esta enfermedad en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del citado hospital en el periodo 2016-2019. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y retrospectivo. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los ingresados en este periodo (N=153). Se estudió el sexo, edad, diagnóstico microbiológico, terapéutica antimicrobiana, aplicación de ventilación mecánica, procederes realizados, complicaciones, estadía, estado al egreso y causa directa de muerte. Los resultados se presentaron en tablas y se resumieron mediante frecuencias absolutas y acumuladas. Resultados: La mayor proporción de los pacientes fueron varones con edad entre 1 y 4 años de edad (30,7 %). El Streptococcus pneumoniae fue el más común (38,5 %). Las cefalosporinas fueron los fármacos más prescritos (36,0 %). El 16,3 % requirió ventilación mecánica y el 22,9 % presentó alguna complicación, la más común fue el derrame pleural paraneumónico (21,5 %). El 96,4 % egresó vivo y la principal causa de muerte fue el choque séptico (57,2 %). Conclusiones: La neumonía continúa siendo una patología frecuente en la edad pediátrica al igual que el predominio del sexo masculino. Después de la introducción de la vacunación, el Streptococcus pneumoniae ha emergido como el principal patógeno bacteriano a cualquier edad, con un predominio importante en los menores de 5 años.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Severe community-acquired pneumonia has not been characterized at the Pediatric Teaching Hospital ¨Pedro Agustín Pérez¨ in Guantanamo. Objective: To profile this affection at the Intensive Care Unit of the already cited institution in the period 2016-2019. Method: A descriptive, longitudinal and retrospective study was carried out. The study population was made out of all the patients in the intensive care unit in that period of time (N=153). The variables analyzed were: gender, age, microbiological diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy, mechanical ventilation application, medical procedures applied, complications, in-hospital stay, state at the time of discharge and cause of death. Results were presented in tables and were summed up in absolute and cumulative frequencies. Results: Most patients were male, ranging from 1 to 4 years of age (30.7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae was the most common infection (36.0%). 16.3% if the cases required mechanical ventilation and the 22.9% presented some complication, the most common being the parapneumonic pleural effusion (22.5%). 96.4% of the patients were discharged alive, and the main cause of death was septic shock (57.2%). Conclusions: Pneumonia remains a frequent pathology in patients in pediatric age; and prevails in male patients as well. After vaccination campaigns started, the Streptococcus pneumoniae emerged as the main bacterial pathogen to cause infections at any age, especially in patients below the 5 years of age.


RESUMO Introdução: No Hospital Pediátrico Docente "Pedro Agustín Pérez" de Guantánamo, pneumonia grave adquirida na comunidade não foi caracterizada. Objetivo: Identificar o perfil desta doença na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva do referido hospital no período 2016-2019. Método: Foi realizado um estudo descritivo, longitudinal e retrospectivo. O universo era composto por todos os admitidos neste período (N=153). Foram estudadas sexo, idade, diagnóstico microbiológico, terapia antimicrobiana, aplicação de ventilação mecânica, procedimentos realizados, complicações, permanência, estado na alta e causa direta do óbito. Os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas e resumidos por meio de frequências absolutas e cumulativas. Resultados: A maior proporção de pacientes eram homens entre 1 e 4 anos (30,7%). Streptococcus pneumoniae foi o mais comum (38,5%). As cefalosporinas foram os medicamentos mais prescritos (36,0%). 16,3% necessitaram de ventilação mecânica e 22,9% apresentaram alguma complicação, sendo a mais comum o derrame pleural parapneumônico (21,5%). 96,4% tiveram alta com vida e a principal causa de morte foi choque séptico (57,2%). Conclusões: A pneumonia continua sendo uma patologia frequente na idade pediátrica, assim como a predominância do sexo masculino. Após a introdução da vacinação, Streptococcus pneumoniae surgiu como o principal patógeno bacteriano em qualquer idade, com predomínio significativo em crianças menores de 5 anos.


Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Pneumonia/complicações , Pneumonia/diagnóstico , Pneumonia/etiologia , Pneumonia/microbiologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais
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